What does "Title 10" authority refer to?

"Title 10" authority refers specifically to federal laws that govern military forces when federalized. Under Title 10 of the United States Code, the President has the authority to mobilize and command the armed forces, including the National Guard, but only when those forces are federalized. This legal framework outlines the organization, training, and operation of the active duty military and the reserve components, including the mobilization process and the regulations that apply during federal service.

The importance of Title 10 comes into play during times of national emergency or war when National Guard units can be called into federal service. This distinction of authority is critical for understanding the dual nature of the National Guard, which operates under state authority during peacetime but can shift to federal authority under Title 10 when active duty is required.